Long Literature Review

[1]https://www.epa.gov/lead/learn-about-lead. [online]Retrieved by (05/09/2019)

 

[2]https://www.ila-lead.org/lead-facts/history-of-lead.[online]Retrieved by (05/09/2019)

 

[3]https://www.britannica.com/technology/lead-processing.[online]Retrieved by (05/11/2019)

 

[4]http://lead.stcitaly.com/lead-battery-recycling-process/pyrometallurgical-lead-reduction-in-rotative-furnaces.html.[online] Retrieved by (05/11/2019 )

 

[5]https://www.britannica.com/technology/lead-processing#ref82077.[online]Retrieved by (05/13/2019)

 

[6]lead | Definition, Uses, Properties, & Facts (2019).  [online]Available at< https://www.britannica.com/science/lead-chemical-element> Retrieved by (05/04/2019)

 

[7]Chemical properties of lead - Health effects of lead - Environmental effects of lead (2019).  [online]Available at<https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/pb.htm> Retrieved by (05/04/2019)

 

[8] https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/sentences-with-the-word/bullets.html. Retrieved by (05/04/2019).

Process Route

[1] N.A., (2019), How lead is made, Retrieved fromhttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Lead.html, Accessed on [29/04/2019]

 

[2] Lead, CES Edupack

 

[3] Swanton Welding. Swanton Welding. Retrieved from:https://swantonweld.com/hot-rolled-steel-vs-cold-rolled-steel/ Accessed on [May 08, 2019]

 

[4] (April 29, 2019) Hot Rolled vs Cold Rolled Steel. Reliance Foundry Co. Ltd.  Retrieved from:  https://www.reliance-foundry.com/blog/hot-vs-cold-rolled-steel Accessed on [May 08, 2019]

 

[5] (January 21, 2019) Cold Rolling - process overview. Engineering Clicks.  Retrieved from:https://www.engineeringclicks.com/cold-rolling/ Accessed on [May 17, 2019]

 

[6] Cold Rolling. engineering fundamentals. Retrieved from:http://www.efunda.com/processes/metal_processing/cold_rolling.cfm Accessed on [May 08, 2019]

 

[7] What is the Welding Process? - Definition from Corrosionpedia.

 

Corrosionpedia. Retrieved from:https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1173/welding-process Accessed on [May 08, 2019]

 

[8]  Picture of hot and cold rolling. Available at:https://techminy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Hot-roll-and-cold-rolled-process.jpg  Accessed on [May 17, 2019]

 

[9] Picture of Fusion welding process. Available at:https://www.neimagazine.com/uploads/newsarticle/4363560/images/458584/large/friction-stir-welding%20b.jpgAccessed on [May 17, 2019]

 

[10] Picture of solid phase welding process. Available at:https://str.llnl.gov/str/November01/gifs/Elmer1.jpg Accessed on [May 17, 2019]

 

[11] hot-vs-cold-metal-stamping, (2018), Brian Reed, Retrieved from https://www.fairlawntool.com/blog/hot-vs-cold-metal-stamping/, Accessed on [02/02/2019]

 

[12] Gravita, (2012), LEAD ALLOYING, Retrieved fromhttp://gravitagroup.com/Lead-Alloying.asp, Accessed on [01/05/2019]

 

[13]vellerino SDI, (2018), Retrieved from https://vellerino-sdi.com/sec/frio/en/cold-stamping.html, Accessed on [03/05/2019]

 

[14]OZAY, (2019), Retrieved from http://www.oz-ay.com.tr/EN/22/3/Useful-Information.htm, Accessed on [05/05/2019]

Application

[1]Potential injuries to regular users of such batteries are not related to lead's toxicity.

 

[2]Ramage, C. K., ed. (1980). Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook (3rd ed.). Lyman Products Corporation.

 

[3]Parker, R. B. (2005). The New Cold-Molded Boatbuilding: From Lofting to Launching. WoodenBoat Books. ISBN 978-0-937822-89-0.

 

[4] Jensen, C. F. (2013). Online Location of Faults on AC Cables in Underground Transmission. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-05397-4.

 

[5] Copper Development Association. "Leaded Coppers". copper.org. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

 

[6] Guruswamy, S. (2000). Engineering properties and applications of lead alloys. Marcel Dekker. ISBN 978-0-8247-8247-4.

 

[7] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (2004). Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray Imaging Facilities. ISBN 978-0-929600-83-3.

 

[8] "Weatherings to Parapets and Cornices". The Lead Sheet Association. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

 

[9] Rich, V. (1994). The International Lead Trade. Woodhead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85709-994-5.

 

[10] Burleson, M. (2001). The Ceramic Glaze Handbook: Materials, Techniques, Formulas. Sterling. ISBN 9781579904395.

 

[11] Zweifel, H. (2009). Plastics Additives Handbook. Hanser. ISBN 978-3-446-40801-2.

 

[12] Amstock, J. S. (1997). Handbook of Glass in Construction. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-001619-4.

 

[13] Rogalski, A. (2010). Infrared Detectors (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-7671-4. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

Manufacturing

[1] Lead - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table. Royal Society of Chemistry - Advancing excellence in the chemical sciences. Available at:http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/82/lead[Accessed on May 09, 2019]

 

[2] (August 23, 2013) Lead processing. Encyclopædia Britannica. Availiable at:https://www.britannica.com/technology/lead-processing. [Accessed on May 09, 2019]

 

[3] Pyrometallurgical lead reduction in rotative furnaces.  STC Italy: Pyrometallurgical lead reduction in rotative furnaces. Available at: http://lead.stcitaly.com/lead-battery-recycling-process/pyrometallurgical-lead-reduction-in-rotative-furnaces.html [Accessed on May 09, 2019]

 

[4] (August 23, 2013) Lead processing. Encyclopædia Britannica. Availiable at:https://www.britannica.com/technology/lead-processing#ref82077 [Accessed on May 09, 2019]

Property Profile

[1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

 

[2] Weast, R. C.; Astle, M. J.; Beyer, W. H. (1983). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.