Abstract
Iron-chromium is alloy of iron with chromium, nickel, and - often - four of five other elements. This page mainly introduce the composition, properties,manufacturing, safety data sheet and applications. Reading this page will help knowing about this material.
Most of iron-chromium applications are in the manufacture of stainless steel. So the properties of iron chromium alloy and stainless steel are similar.
Key words: iron-chromium, stainless steel, properties[1]
Introduction
Ferrochrome is an alloy of chromium and iron containing between 50% and 70% chromium. The Producer od stainless steel & tool steel are the largest consumer of ferrochrome and charge chrome .It is chromium that confers upon stainless steel its remarkable corrosion resistance.
Out of the total world chrome ore output about 95% is used to produce ferrochrome for the metallurgical industry, with 2% used in chemical industry and the balance 3% in the refractory and foundry industry. [2]
Ferrochrome is mainly used in the manufacture of stainless steel. Stainless steels are alloys of iron with chromium, nickel, and - often - four of five other elements. The alloying transmutes plain carbon steel that rusts and is prone to brittleness below room temperature into a material that does neither. Indeed, most stainless steels resist corrosion in most normal environments, and they remain ductile to the lowest of temperatures.[1]
Literature Review
The conposition of iron-chromium is Fe/<0.25C/16 - 30Cr/3.5 - 37Ni/<10Mn + Si,P,S (+N for 200 series).[1]
Ferrochrome alloy has higher saturation magnetic induction strength, lower coercivity, corrosion resistance in water vapor, salt spray and other media. Its application is suitable for the atmosphere, steam, gas, salt fog, ammonia gas and other working environment.[3]
The alloy is used widely in people's daily life.
Property Profile
Manufacturing
(1) Smelting: iron ingots and chromium ingots are put into the vacuum induction furnace for smelting, and the vacuum degree during the smelting period is controlled at 25 ~ 60Pa.
(2) Refined: using high temperature and high vacuum refining method, alloy liquid in 1650 ~ 1700 ℃, 2 ~ 6 pa under vacuum, refining 15 ~ 20 min, when the vacuum degree and the 20000 ~ 22000 pa began to blow oxygen decarburization, carbon content in liquid alloy fell to 0.04 ~ 0.06% stop oxygen, nitrogen in high vacuum boiling, refining the need to be used with magnetic stirrer, stirring intensity of 0.16 Nm - 3.
(3) Slag removal: lime and fluorite were added for slag removal. The amount of lime and fluorite added was 30kg/t and 6kg/t respectively. The slag removal time was 15 ~ 20min.
(4) Deoxygenation: argon is injected into the vacuum melting furnace, and barium silica-strontium calcium ferroalloy is added for shallow deoxygenation for 3 ~ 5min. Then, aluminum is added for deep deoxygenation for 5 ~ 10min. The electromagnetic stirring intensity is 0.24nm-3, and the vacuum degree is less than 500Pa.
(5) Insulation: blackout cooled to 1460 ~ 1500 ℃, the alloy liquid cooling.
(6) Metamorphic process: heating to 1580 ~ 1600 ℃, fine-tuning alloy, to join the titanium powder, electromagnetic stirring intensity of 0.2 Nm - 3, the processing time is 5 ~ 10 min.
(7) Casting ingot: to control the temperature of 1580 ~ 1600 ℃, using the casting ingot.[4]
Application
Railway cars, trucks, trailers, food-processing equipment, sinks, stoves, cooking utensils, cutlery, flatware, scissors and knives, architectural metalwork, laundry equipment, chemical-processing equipment, jet-engine parts, surgical tools, furnace and boiler components, oil-burner parts, petroleum-processing equipment, dairy equipment, heat-treating equipment, automotive trim. Structural uses in corrosive environments, e.g. nuclear plants, ships, offshore oil installations, underwater cables and pipes.[5]
Process
1.The smelting of steel is a proper mixture of materials containing chromium, nickel, titanium and other elements.
2.The first step of mixed five smelting casting or continuous casting into rough.
3.The blank is rolled into steel plates and profiles of various specifications through a rolling mill.
4.The rolled steel plates and profiles can also be brushed and polished on the surface to improve the appearance.[6]
References
[1] CES eduPack[M]. Cambridge: Grant, 2018.
[2] Ferrochrome[EB/OL]. Balasorealloys.com, 2019. (2019)[2019 -05 -23].
https://www.balasorealloys.com/Products.
[3] Fenyang 1J117 iron chromium alloy introduction - rural network[EB/OL]. Nongcun5.com, 2019. (2019)[2019 -05 -23]. http://www.nongcun5.com/sell/news/33/2576636.html.
[4] The invention relates to a preparation method and process of ferrochrome aluminum alloy with high aluminum content[EB/OL]. X技术, 2019. (2019)[2019 -05 -23]. http://www.xjishu.com/zhuanli/24/201810188826.html.
[5] Typical uses,CES eduPack[M]. Cambridge: Grant, 2018.
[6] Preparation technology of porous stainless steel [D]. Liaoning university of science and technology, 2017.
[7] SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)[M]. Selected ARC INC, 2019.