Abstract
Nickel-chrome alloy is an important material which have good resistance to oxidation and can keep a certain strength at high temperature. They are made of nickel, chrome and some other metal like iron. This page is aimed at introduce the significant properties as thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties and chemical properties. And the whole safety data sheet(SDS) Nickel-chrome alloy is also a vital part of this page. In addition, processing route and three manufacture methods are involving too. Last but not the least, the page also gives many applications of Nickel-chrome alloy in our daily life or industrial product.
Key words: Nickel-chrome alloy, property, SDS, manufacture, processing route, applications.
Introduction
Nickel-chrome alloys is a kind of important alloy of Chrome which usually have Ni and 10-30%Chrome, containing some Fe as well. They are widely used in our daily life by the chemical engineering and food processing industries for their resistance to corrosion. And it is also valued by the makers of furnaces and high temperature equipment because of their ability to keep strength at temperatures up to 1200℃. The chromium increases the resistance to corrosion and oxidation by creating a surface film of Cr2O3[1].
Literature Review
Nickel-chrome alloy has good ability of resistance of oxidation and high temperature resistance which has good strength at high temperature. Recent research focus more on coating with NIckel-chrom alloy to improve the oxidation of other metals[2] and the application in the aerospace[3]. Metal 3D print is also a popular area in metal study. And Nickel-chrome alloy is a suitable material to 3D print[4]. In addition the new composition made form Nichrome and ceramics[5] is also studied by some scientists. Next, Nickel-chrome alloy is also widely used in many acid reactions. Moreover, the corrosion with sulphur[6] and corrosion with microorganism are also hot research points[9].
Manufacture[9]
1.Normal Roughing (Turning/Facing)
Use carbide C-2/C-3 grade tool
Speed: 90 surface feet/minute
Feed: 0.010 in./revolution
Depth of Cut: 0.150 in
Negative rake square insert, 45° SCEA1 1/32 in. nose radius.
Tool holder: 5° negative back and side rakes.
Lubricant: Dry2, Oil3 or water-base4,5
2.Finishing (Turning/Facing)
Use carbide C-2/C-3 grade tool
Speed: 95-110 surface feet/minute
Feed: 0.005-0.007 in./revolution
Depth of Cut: 0.040 in.
Positive rake square insert, if possible, 45° SCEA, 1/32 in. nose radius.
Tool holder: 5° positive back and side rakes.
Lubricant: Dry or water-base
3.Drilling
Use high speed steel M-33/M-40 series6/ or T-15 grades*
Speed: 10-15 surface feet/minute (200 RPM maximum for 1/4 in. diameter or smaller)
Lubricant: Oil or water-base. Use coolant feed drills if possible
Short, heavy-web drills with 135° crank shaft point. Thinning of web at point may reduce thrust.
Feed (per revolution):
0.001 in. rev. 1/8 in. dia. 0.002 in. rev. 1/4 in. dia. 0.003 in. rev. 1/2 in.
dia. 0.005 in. rev. 3/4 in. dia. 0.007 in. rev. 1 in. dia.
Applications[9]
HAYNES® 230® alloy combines a wide range of properties and is ideal for a wide range of applications in the aerospace and power industries. It is used for important parts of gas turbines such as combustion tanks, transition tubes, flame clamps and thermocouple sleeves. In the chemical process industry, 230® alloys are used in a variety of key process internals such as ammonia burner catalyst grid supports, high-strength thermocouple protection tubes, high temperature heat exchangers, pipes, and high temperature bellows. In the industrial heating industry, applications for 230® alloys include nozzles, chains and clamps, burner flame shields, regenerator trims, dampers, nitriding furnace internals, heat treatment baskets, grilles, trays, spray tubes, Thermocouple protection tube, cyclone tube, etc.
Processing Route[9]
Heat treament
HAYNES®230®alloy is normally final solution heat-treated at 2250°F (1232°C) for a time commensurate with section thickness. Solution heat-treating can be performed at temperatures as low as about 2125°F (1163°C) , but resulting material properties will be altered accordingly. Annealing during fabrication can be performed at even lower temperatures, but a final, subsequent solution heat treatment is needed to produce optimum properties and structure.
Casting
HAYNES® 230® alloy can be cast using conventional air-melt sand molds or vacuum melt investment casting processes. It is recommended to use a high-end silicon content in the specification range to improve fluidity. Castings can be used in as-cast or solution heat treated conditions depending on performance requirements.
Manufacture Video
Manufacture Video
Application Video
Reference
[1]CES eduPack[M]. Cambridge: Grant, 2018.
[2]Clark R J, Whipple D E, Thomas A E. Titanium alloy blade coupler coated with nickel-chrome for ultrasonic scalpel: U.S. Patent 5,167,725[P]. 1992-12-1.
[3]Gerdeman D A, Wurst J C, Cherry J A, et al. THE EVALUATION OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS[R]. DAYTON UNIV OH RESEARCH INST, 1968.
[4][EB/OL]. Link.zhihu.com, 2019. (2019)[2019 -05 -22]. https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//www.citethisforme.com.
[5]Yfantis C, Yfantis D, Anastassopoulou J, et al. Analytical and Electrochemical Evaluation of the in vitro corrosion behavior of Nickel-chrome and Cobalt-chrome casting alloys for metal-ceramic restorations[J]. European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2007, 15(1): 33
[6][Mrowec S, Werber T, Zastawnik M. The mechanism of high temperature sulphur corrosion of nickel-chromium alloys[J]. Corrosion Science, 1966, 6(2): 47-68.
[7]Pope D H, Duquette D J, Johannes A H, et al. Microbiologically nfluenced corrosion of industrial alloys[J]. 1984.
[8]SAFETY DATA SHEET[M]. 2012: 7.
[9] Haynes International,HAYNES® 230® alloy,H-3000M,2019