An advanced way to manufacture graphene
     First step: Ni grain growth during annealing in He.

     Second step: graphene growth under CVD conditions.

     Third step: removal of Ni using adhesive tape.

Figure 1: the procedure of the manufacture way

Considerations for this method: 1. prevent cracking of the graphene during the removal of Ni.

                                                          2. prevent bubbles in the graphene when the presure is too high.

9 traditional graphene manufacturing techniques

(a) Micromechanical cleavage:  using sticky tape to prise apart graphene layers which is widely used in academic research and in industrial environments.

 Figure 2: the mechanism of the micromechanical cleavage

(b) Anodic bonding: a graphite precursor in flake form is bonded to a glass substrate with the help of an electrostatic field and then cleaved off to leave few layer graphene on the substrate.

 Figure 3: the mechanicm of the anodic bonding

(c) Photoexfoliation:  intact graphene monolayers from a graphite surface. Photoexfoliation should be capable of producing intact graphene monolayers free of contaminants and defects at a high rate.

Figure 4: the mechanism of the photoexfoliation

(d) Liquid phase exfoliation: this technique is funded either on sonication, or on liquid single-phase high-shear rate flow, as well as hydrodynamic cavitation.

 Figure 5: the mechanism of the liquid phase exfoliation

(e) Growth on SiC: growth of graphene via the thermal decomposition of single-crystal SiC in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and under ambient pressure.

 Figure 6: the mechanicm of the growth on SiC

(f) Precipitation from metal: segregation/precipitation from carbon containing metal substrate.

 Figure 7: the mechanicm of the precipitation from metal

(g) Chemical Vapour Deposition: precursor pyrolysis of a material to form carbon, and the formation of the carbon structure of graphene using the disassociated carbon atoms.

 Figure 8: the mechanicm of the chemical Vapour Deposition

(h) Molecular beam epitaxy: a process in which a thin single crystal layer is deposited on a single crystal substrate using atomic or molecular beams generated in Knudsen cells contained in an ultra-high vacuum chamber.

 Figure 9: the mechanicm of the molecular beam epitaxy

(i) Chemical synthesis: using benzene as building block.

Figure 10: the mechanicm of the chemical synthesis