1.Biological Materials
1.1Cardiovascular Materials
So far the PLA has been wildly used in clinical medicine like artificial heart valve. Lately a new study shows the PLLA integrated with amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles good safety, patency, biocompatibility and can biodegradable in human body. [1]
F igure 1 Heart bypass
FIgure 2 Artificial heart valve
1.2Dental Materials
Polymerization of hydroxyapatite with PLLA can improve the brittleness and poor mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite in the application of dental materials.[2]Also study shows the improved material has better biocompatibility.
Figure 3 Artificial teeth
1.3Osteosurgery Stent
Bone morphogenetic protein II (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone development and reconstruction in orthopaedic surgery.A study discovered a new kind BMP-2 adding with PLGA can effectively guide heterotopic bone formation and have good compatibility.[3]Another study shows PLLA-silicate active fiber mesh scaffold has no cytotoxicity to cells and can promote cell adhesion and proliferation.[4]
Figure 4Osteosurgery stent
1.4Fibre
Put the new environmental protection basalt fiber (BF) into the hybrid sisal fiber reinforced PLA composites then we can get a new compound material. When BF is used as the outer layer and SF as the core layer, the composite has better comprehensive mechanical properties. The addition of BF improves the thermal stability and crystallinity of the composites and reduces the water absorption of the composites. To a certain extent, it makes up for the shortcomings of the mechanical properties and the high water absorption of the composites reinforced by vegetable fibers.[5]
1.5PLA surgical suture
PLA is a kind of polymer with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be used as medical surgical suture with FDA approval. The final metabolites of PLA in vivo are CO2 and hydrogen peroxide, and lactic acid, the intermediate product, is also the normal product of glucose metabolism in vivo, so it will not accumulate in important organs. Polylactic acid and its copolymers are used as surgical sutures, which degrade and absorb automatically after wound healing without secondary surgery.[6]
1.6 Articles for daily use
It is widely used in daily life because of its biodegradability, gloss, handle and heat resistance.
2. 3D print material
2.1 Medical Diseases
A novel 3D printing and functional packaging system for subcutaneous transplantation of islets or islet cells have been developed using PLA as raw material. In animal experiments, the device protects encapsulated islets from acute hypoxia and maintains their functions.[7]
2.2New orthopedic scaffold
In orthopedic trauma transplantation studies, 3D printed PLA scaffolds have excellent biocompatibility with human bone marrow stromal cells and can be used to provide personalized surgical treatment. In addition, the use of 3D hydroxyapatite-PLA printing composite scaffolds in vivo has greater advantages in increasing vascular bundles and promoting bone healing. This novel method may be a bridge for repairing the bone defect and promoting the clinical transformation of bone tissue engineering.[8-9]
Figure 5 New orthopedic scaffold
2.3Targeted therapy
In the targeted therapy of tumors, using PLA as raw material, stereotactic radiotherapy with 3D printed eye tumors model is helpful to plan the process and achieve accurate positioning of key structures.[10]
FIgure 6 Drug missile
2.43D printing material
As a new type of bio-based and renewable biodegradable material, PLA material is more environmentally friendly than other materials and has good biocompatibility, gloss, transparency, handle and heat resistance.[11]
3d-printed castles
Reference
[1]Lu Zhao, Jiang Xuejun, Feng Gao Ke, et al. Biodegradable drug stents implanted into miniature pig coronary artery: safety and histocompatibility [J]. Tissue engineering research in China, 2014, 18 (34): 5429 - 5433.
[2]Zhao Ning, Zhang Xianjun, Li Wei, et al. Biocompatibility of L-polylactic acid hydroxyapatite biomaterials with periodontal ligament cells [J]. China Tissue Engineering Research, 2016, 20 (12): 1732-1737.
[3]LIN Z Y, DUAN Z X, GUO X D, et al. Bone induction by biomimetic PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer loaded width a novel synthetieBMP-2-related peptide in vitro and in vivo J Control Release, 2010, 144: 190 -- 195.
[4]Fernandes J. S., Reis R. L., Pires R. A. Wetspun poly-L-(lactic acid)-borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds for guided bone regeneration, Materials Science and Engineering: C, doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.007, 2017.
[5]Liang xing,Wu Hongwu,Preparation and Properties of Continuous Sisal Fiber/Basalt Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Polylactic Acid Laminated Composites 2018.04
[6]Guo Hongxia, Liu Shuqiang, Jiadandan, Zhu Zhuangqiang, Wu Jiahong, Testing and optimization of mechanical properties of polylactic acid medical suture, 2015.10
[7]Farina, M, Ballerini, A, Fraga, DW, Nicolov, E, Hogan, M, Demarchi, D, Scaglione, F, Sabek, OM, Horner, P, Thekkedath, U, Gaber, OA & Grattoni, A 2017, '3D Printed Vascularized Device for Subcutaneous Transplantation of Human Islets' Biotechnology Journal
[8]Gemare A, Guduric V, Bareille R, Heroguez V, Latour S, L’heureux N, Fricain J-C, Catros S, Le Nihouannen D. 2017. Characterization of printed PLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2017
[9]Haifeng Zhang, Xiyuan Mao, Danyang Zhao, Wenbo Jiang, Zijing Du, Qingfeng Li, Chaohua Jiang& Dong Han Three dimensional printed polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for prefabricating vascularized tissue-engineered bone: An in vivo bioreactor model Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 15255 (2017)
[10]Yeung Kyu Yeon, Hae Sang Park, Jung Min Lee, Ji Seung Lee, Young,Jin Lee, Md. Tipu Sultan, Ye Bin Seo, Ok Joo Lee, Soon Hee Kim & Chan Hum Park (2018)New concept of 3D printed bone clip (polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/silk composite) for internal fixation of bone fractures, Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition
[11]Shi Qingjie, Xiao Junjie, Wang Tianyu 1, Wen Weili, Zhang Rui and Jiang Xiaoshan Process parameters optimization of 3D printing PLA materials 2018.08