Element

Symbol

Bi

Element name

Bismuth

Periodic table row

Row 6

Periodic table

column

Column ⅢA

Atomic number

83

Atomic weight

209 kg/kmol

Date of discovery ("-" = BCE)

1500

Group

Other metals

Electronic Structure

Electronic structure

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3

Valence

5

First ionization

energy

7.29 eV

Second ionization

energy

16.7 eV

Electronegativity

(Pauling)

2.02

Fig2: Crystal structure

Physical property

Density at 300K

9.75  kg/

Mechanical properties

Young's modulus at 300K

34 GPa

Shear modulus at 300K

13.1 GPa

Bulk modulus at 300K

31.5 GPa

Poisson's ratio

0.33 GPa

Diffusion data

Pre-exponential, lattice self-diffusion

2.26  

Activation energy, lattice self-diffusion

130 kJ/mol

Surface energies

Surface energy,

 liquid

0.378 J/

Magnetic properties

Magnetic classification

Diamagnetic

Magnetic susceptibility

-16.5

Critical material information

In EU Critical list?

In US Critical list?

Abundance risk level

High

Environmental country risk Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)

3.67

Environmental country risk level

High

Sourcing and geopolitical risk Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI

4

Sourcing and geopolitical risk level

Very high

Price volatility

66.5 %

Price volatility risk

Very low

Crystal structure

Crystal structure

Rhombohedra

Space group

R3m

Lattice parameter, a

0.455 nm

Lattice parameter, c

1.190 nm

Atomic radius

0.155 nm

Atomic volume

35.6e-30

Molar volume

21.4e-3

State at 300K (Metal / Non-metal)

Metal

Phase at 300K (Solid / Liquid / Gas)

Solid

Thermal properties

Melting temperature

271 °C

Boiling point

1.61e3 °C

Heat of fusion

11.3 kJ/mol

Heat of vaporization

209 kJ/mol

Cohesive energy

210 kJ/mol

Thermal expansion coefficient at 300K

13.4 μstrain/°C

Specific heat

capacity

120 J/kg.°C

Debye temperature

-154 °C

Thermal conductivity

at 300K

7.87 W/m.°C

Nuclear properties

Neutron absorption cross section

(0.025 eV)

33  Barns

Neutron scattering cross section

(0.025 eV)

9 Barns

Binding energy per nucleon

7.85  keV

Geo-economic data

Typical exploited ore grade

0.424 %

Minimum economic ore grade

0.2 %

Abundance in the Earth's crust

37.9e-3 ppm

Abundance in seawater

89.4e-6 ppm

Annual world production

10.2e3 tonne/yr

World reserves

320e3 tonne

Main mining data (metric tonnes / yr)

Bolivia, 10

Canada, 50

China, 6.5

Mexico, 940

Other countries, 90