Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a promising biomaterial aiming at bone defect treatment [6]. Different from other bone substitutions, β-TCP has good biocompatibility, good biodegradability and other superb properties[5][6]. There is a wide range of application (Scaffolds for bone orthopaedics etc.)[7] and technologies that can be combined [3][5] (3d printing, β-TCP composite material etc.). In the poster, two treatment examples are used to illustrate its application. This synthetic bone graft material (BGM) has a promising future, which will not only be convenient for clinical use but can also improve patient’s satisfaction [3][5].
Literature Review (Short)
β-Tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 has been given a close attention in the biomedical industry since 1991[4]. β-TCP is a kind of white powder, with a good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to induce the formation of human bones[5]. This material can also be degraded into calcium and phosphorus which help human body form new bones [6]. Due to these outstanding properties, β-TCP draws many relevant scientific types of research.PROCESSING - it can be obtained through chemosynthesis and further processing by sintering and pressing [7]. MANUFACTURE – For medical use, white power β-TCP can be printed out by 3D Printing machine to obtain a specific shape needed. In recent years, successful clinical treatments have been operated, which illustrates that this bio-medical material has excellent clinical performance and is deserved to be further developed[3][5].
VIDEO
Sample
Our sample is supported by Xi’an Particle Cloud Biotechnology Co., Ltd. This β-TCP material sample was printed through a 3D printer in May 2019, and afterwards was sealed into a sample box
Property Profile
Composition information
|
Material family |
Ceramic (technical) |
||
|
CaO (calcia) |
55 |
- |
59 % |
|
Other oxide |
41 |
- |
43 % |
Price
|
Price |
* |
132 |
- |
331 |
CNY/kg |
Physical properties
|
Density |
3.05e3 |
- |
3.15e3 |
kg/m^3 |
Mechanical properties
|
Young's modulus |
55 |
- |
88 |
GPa |
|||
|
Yield strength (elastic limit) |
* |
28 |
- |
48 |
MPa |
||
|
Tensile strength |
38 |
- |
48 |
MPa |
|||
|
Compressive modulus |
* |
55 |
- |
88 |
GPa |
||
|
Flexural modulus |
|
100 |
- |
120 |
GPa |
||
|
Shear modulus |
* |
21 |
- |
33 |
GPa |
||
|
Poisson's ratio |
* |
0.3 |
- |
0.33 |
|
||
|
Hardness - Vickers |
|
420 |
- |
450 |
HV |
||
|
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles |
* |
15.2 |
- |
19.2 |
MPa |
||
|
Fracture toughness |
1 |
- |
1.3 |
MPa.m^0.5 |
|||
Durability
|
Water (fresh) |
Excellent |
|
Water (salt) |
Excellent |
|
Weak acids |
Excellent |
|
Strong acids |
Acceptable |
|
Weak alkalis |
Acceptable |
|
Strong alkalis |
Unacceptable |
|
Organic solvents |
Excellent |
Processing and Manufacture
Processing
Wet process is the most common way for beta-TCP processing which is cheap and simple. Usually, neutralization reaction is selected in this process, using Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 solution as raw material. After stationary and precipitation, the precipitate is dried and calcined to obtain the powder of beta-TCP [8]. The final product is suitable for producing the porous nanoscale structure.
Manufacture
There are mainly three types of 3D printing methods to produce this biomedical product for bone defect treatment.
Ⅰ Vat Polymerization
In the vat polymerization process (e.g., stere-olithography), a photo-curable liquid polymer is selectively polymerized at the surface of a vat by a low-power ultraviolet (UV) light source. As the z-axis is translated down, a new thin layer of liquid is spread over the solid surface and this process is repeated until the build is complete.
Application and Future Development
Application
- Scaffolds for bone
- Cartilage regeneration
- Dental implant
- Periodontal treatment
- Orthopedics
Future development
Reflection (Partial)
1. Why did we choose this sample?
During the process of picking the sample, some suggestions were given by the tutor. Beta-TCP was chosen as the final sample since the tutor has studied beta-TCP for many years and has done several experiments testing the relative properties of this material in medical applications, which allow us to have more access to further understanding of beta-TCP.
2. What we have learnt?
When designing the website, QMPlus Hub was used as the platform of the webpage. After exploring each function of those bottoms on QMPlus Hub, the process of designing a website on QMPlus Hub was clear. When doing this project, every group member had a deeper understanding of the properties of beta-TCP, the manufacturing process of beta-TCP and the applications of beta-TCP, etc. Besides, we knew better about how to design a nice layout. Also, skills such as collecting and organising information had been strengthened.
.....
Acknowledgement
This work was funded by Xi'an Particle Cloud Biotechnology Co., Ltd , School of Life Science, NPU and Queen Marry University of London, NPU.
Reference
[1] Livestrong, Why Are Bones Important to the Body [OB]. https://www.livestrong.com/article/80192-bones-important-body/
2019.
[2]Dragica Smrke, Primož Rožman, Allogenic Platelet Gel and Autologous Bone Technique[J]. Treatment of Bone Defects Allogenic Platelet Gel and Autologous Bone Technique[J]. January 2013.
[3] David. Xijing Hospital repairs long bone defect using Xi'an Particle Cloud's 3D printed artificial bone[OB]. www.3ders, Org.Apr 20, 2018.
[4] Product information, Medical Grade Beta-tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP). EPRUI Biotech Co. Ltd. 2019.
[5]Donghyun Lee , et al. Injectable biodegradable gelatin-methacrylate/β-tricalcium phosphate composite for the repair of bone defects[J]. 2019.
[6] Liu Bin, Deng-Xing Lun. Current Application of β-tricalcium Phosphate Composites in Orthopaedics[J]. Aug. 2012.
[7] Educational software, CES EduPack 2018.
[8] Li Chaoyang, Yang Dean, Xu Tingxian. Preparation and application of degradable beta-tricalcium phosphate [J]. Silicate Bulletin, 2002 (03): 30-34.